Suggestions for a buying a road bike that rides comfortably & that is responsive.

These a the six major components that effect how comfortable a bike rides:
1 & 2-The frame & fork, these are the foundation of a bike. The combination of the materials, size, and angles create good or bad riding frames. These must be correct for each rider and their type of riding.
3-Wheels
4-Tires
5-Saddle
6-Handle bars
These components are covered above.

Frames types and generally how they ride

Good steel welded frames are often smooth riding but a little rigid, about 6# with fork
Gunnar-CX-640

Good steel lugged frames are often smooth riding and more lively/springy, feels faster than welded, about 6# with fork
VINER-8226690-640

Aluminum frames-roughest ride about 5# with fork
SingleSpeed-640

Carbon fiber frames - Often are fast and light, the ride is a little dead, woody feel, about 4.5# with fork
Specialized-Epic-640

A larger frame will generally act in the following way:

A-A larger frame will allow the handle bars to be higher. The closer to seat level, the better for comfort. (Seat to handlebar ratio)
B-Larger frames flex more than smaller frames, more comfort, but are less efficient than a smaller frame.
C-High quality steel rides much better than a no-name steel frame. Frames that use Reynolds 853, Reynolds 531, and Columbus steel tubes generally ride very nice.

What is a larger frame? The rider should be able to just stand over the top bar. That is about 2 to 3 cm larger frame size than what is generally recommended.

Seat to handle bar ratio
It is much more comfortable to have a small seat to handlebar ratio, less than 2" is good.

Specialized-Epic-640-seat ratios2

Gunnar-CX-640-seat ratios


Forks
The larger the rake, the fork has the smoother the ride. A large rake will ride smooth but is less efficient.
Gunnar-CX-640-relaxed rake
Straight forks ride rough.
Fx2-Scattante-640-straight rake

A steel fork will ride smoother than an aluminum, and a carbon will often ride better than a steel fork.

Wheels
High quality standard 3 cross 32 spoke wheels ride smooth and have a long life. These will have sealed bearings and reinforced spoke holes. These wheels can be rebuilt and will last a long time.
Standard 32 hole wheel

Areo low spoke count wheels are faster, lighter, and more lively than standard wheels, great for racing. These wheels have a much shorter life (about 1/4 the life of standard).

Low spoke count wheel

Tires
Thin (23x700) racing tires are fast and have a short life 1000 miles rear, 2000 miles front, also have more flats and are generally difficult to change. The higher priced tires do ride better and hold the road better.

Mid-size (28x700) tires generally have a longer life span and have fewer flats. "Panracers - Pasela" are an old favorite of many. They ride very nice and have a longer then normal life.

Wide (32x700) tires provide the best ride (if this size will fit on your bike), longest life 3000 miles rear, and few flats and are easy to change, but are heavy and slow.

Tires with Kevlar belts work great and reduce flats. Foldable tires are lighter and normally ride better than non-foldable.

Handlebars
Extra-wide (48cm) drop style handbars with a flat top are quite comfortable.
This style and size give extra room on top of the bar for more hand placements, a little more leverage for better control, and a little flex in the bar due to the width for more comfort. The extra width also allows your arms to be spread out a bit farther allowing your lungs to work more easily.

Flat top handlebars
Gunnar-CX-640-flat top
Standard drop handle bars
Fx2-Scattante-640-standard road handlebars

Brake Levers and shifters
The all in one SIS shifter/brake levers are very easy to use, comfortable in the hands and quite a bit more costly than standard brake levers and downtube shifters.

Brake levers made by Cane Creek are inexpensive and comfortable with a quick-release button built into the lever.

The Dura-Ace downtube shifter with a Dura-Ace rear derailer is a great combination. This setup shifts better and has lasted longer than any other shifter & derailer I've used. The down side to down tube shift levers is shifting is less convenient and can be difficult to use when climbing hills
.Downtube shift lever

Front Derailer
On my every day bike I prefer to not have a front derailer, for these reasons:
1 - I found myself only using 3 to 4 gears of the 16.
2- The front derailer rubs the chain in a cross chain gearing selection, making several of the gears pretty much unusable.
3 - The single rear derailer setup simplifies the bike for less repairs.
4- The front derailer, cable and shift lever weigh in at a extra 1/2#.

Saddles
The Brooks B17 is by far the most comfortable saddle I have for standard upright riding. The higher your handlebar to seat ratio, the more comfortable this saddle will be. The down side of the B17 saddle is it is heavy, pricey, and it doesn't like to get wet. (link to the Brooks site below)

My Bike Specs

This 1994 carbon fiber racing bike, very fast bike, climbs very well, has always felt to small.
Every now and then I still ride this bike, it has about 8000 miles. This bike weighs in at 20# as shown.
Epic-Bike Specs-640


This 1985? Italian lugged steel frame bike was the best climbing bike, due to short chain stays, it also felt very responsive, due to the Columbus steel tubes.
The 2nd hand frame was retired with just over 10,000 miles + the original owners miles, I needed the parts for another bike. This bike weighed in at 21# as shown.
Viner-Bike Specs-640


This 1980? British lugged steel Reynolds 531 frame bike was the most comfortable, rode great and could do most anything from race, to tours, to double centuries, etc...
This 2nd hand frame broke with 23,530 miles + the original owners miles. This bike weighed in at 24# as shown.
Holdsworth-Bike Specs-640


This 1999 American welded Reynolds 853 steel bike, it is my most versatile bike to date. It is very comfortible. It is not a good climber but is great on rough roads due to the long chain stays and large folk rake. It is very good on the road and in the trails, a good commuting bike and century bike.
The below picture is how it was setup for Iceman races and 24 hour rides.This bike weighed in at 22# as shown. This bike is a Gunnar, Crosshairs a old school Cyclocross bike, just add some knobby tires to this type of bike and you can easily go off road.
Gunnar-Bike Specs-640
This is the current setup for pre-dawn rides. This bike currently has over 22,000 miles. This bike weighs in at 25.6# as shown with lights, rear rack, areobars and empty bag.
Gunnar-CX-640


The tandem is a fun bike. Over 5000 miles on this bike.This bike weighs in at 39# as shown.
Tandem T100-Bike Specs-640


This 1993? aluminum is a single speed bike, used for winter roller rides. It is very fast. Without brakes or derailers, it is only for outdoor use. This bike weighs in at 19# as shown.
Over 7500 miles on this bike + the original owners miles.
SingleSpeed-640


This Taiwan 2008 welded steel bike rides very stiff due to poor quality steel (no spring in this steel frame, it rides like a aluminum frame) and the straight folk doesn't help the ride. It climbs poorly, due to a longer chain stay and wheel base. This bike is good for short, hard workout rides of 20 miles or less on smooth roads.
This is my newest bike with about 700 miles. It is a fixed gear bike, my 4th. These bikes do require about 25% more effort, ( no coasting allowed ). This bike weighs in at 19.8# as shown.
Bike-Fx2-Scattante-Stats-640


Here are some links to bike shops and manufactures:

Link to a great local bike shop
http://www.breakawaybicycles.com

Link to good quality steel bikes
http://www.gunnarbikes.com

Link to higher end steel bikes
http://waterfordbikes.com

Link to cool and unusual bikes & parts
http://www.rivbike.com/products/list/bicycle_models

Link to the best bar end bike mirror
http://www.aspirevelotech.com/Merchant2/merchant.mvc?Screen=PROD&Product_Code=RBM_1001&Category_Code=MIRROR

Link to Brooks Bike Seats - these saddles are very comfortable.
http://www.brookssaddles.com/



All of the photos are images of my past or present bikes and the opinions expressed are just that.

Always test ride as many bikes as possible before buying.

I hope this information is helpful,

Kirk